The New York City Ballet essays

The New York City Ballet papers Artful dance, what precisely is expressive dance your presumably pondering... well expressive dance is an old style move structure described by effortlessness and exactness of development and expound formal method, frequently yet not generally performed on point by the ladies artists. Lincoln Kirstein, a very riches man, established the New York City Ballet in 1933 as the American Ballet. He imported George Balanchine to New York that year to have an American school organization in the best Russian convention. The choreographer was, obviously, Russian-Parisian, and his perspective and style was essentially European, similar to the whole school personnel, however the performing work force was nearby, and it trusted that under the executive of the ace, local choreographers and educators would in time create. Following three years, the organization suspended tasks. A splinter gathering, Ballet Caravan coordinated by Kirstein himself, propped the fire up. It was this gathering delivered Billy and the Kid (Loring, Copland, Jared French), the primary genuine American Masterpiece and it was this gathering advanced the improvement of Michael Kidd, William Dollar, Lew Christensen, and Ruthanna Boris. Despite the fact that the expressive dance organization was not gaining any ground for a long time, the American Ballet School never shut there entryways and has prepared an age of qualified artists. In 1947, following twelve-year hibernation, Kirstein restored the performing organization with Balanchine again in control. It had been posted in all exchange schools (no venues were then routinely accessible for move organizations) and following a two-year move to the New York City Center Theater. In the next decade, it got one of the main expressive dance organizations on the planet. It is in any case, completely under the intensity of Balanchine and all descends to his character and style. The expansion of Jerome Robbins in 1949 as co-executive to some degree extended the skyline of the New York City Ballet. ... <!

The Rise Of The Networks Essay Example For Students

The Rise Of The Networks Essay Data economy or different words, information economy is vey hot over the most recent two years in China however many individuals despite everything have no reasonable idear about this origination. American monetary structures change gives us a genuine model. As I would see it that the most part on the planet despite everything keep in the creation economy, anyway they additionally roll out an improvement to adjust new data economy. At the point when we talk about the data economy, we couldnt pass the data innovation upheaval. It is the material reason for the data economy. Through the development technology,the capital ,the data, the market and the fellow can be associated making a worldwide one. Additionally we will understand that old societys attemp to retool itself by utilizing the intensity of innovation to derve the innovation of intensity. The principle charcterof the data economy is that the profitability depends on the ability to generate,process, and apply productively info rmation based data. The data itself to turn into the result of the creation procedure. First the unadulterated assembling is easing back dwn in the entire economy. It won't be disappeared, however is expanding throughpartly concealed roads, in growing circles. Technology,and the board of innovation including authoritative change, could be diffusing from data technologymanufacturing ,telecommunications,and finanical administrations into assembling ,at that point to business administration. Obviousely, the administrations business in U.S or other G-7 cuntries, for example, media communications, air transportantion, increment quick The elements of the economy development isn't the engery yet the data and information based innovation. In this procedure, the state go about as a significant job. Since the mid-1980s expresses everywhere throughout the world have additionally occupied with deregulating markets and privatizing open organizations. Simultaneously, states make innovative and in structive strategies so as to improving the intensity of countrys rivalry. In reality , we can expect the data economy present to us another approach to sort out the universes economy structure. How has the third world been effected?Since the economy got enlightening and worldwide, each nation ought to modify the association to fit for the pattern. How has the third world been affected in new economy? From one viewpoint, the unbalance is as yet genuine. In the event that add to the OECD the four recently industrialized nations of Asia, in 1988 the three significant monetary locales respresented 72.8% of the world?s fabricating creation, and in 2000, their offer despite everything add up to 69.5%, while the number of inhabitants in these three district is just 15.7% of the total populace. The grouping of the assets is significantly more prominent at the center of the framework. In 1990 the G-7 nations represent 90.5% of high?technology producing on the planet, and were holding 80.4%p ercent of worldwide PC power. The differential in HR is basic: while the world avarge of logical and specialized labor in 1985 was 23,442 for every million populace, the real figure for creating nations was 8,263; for created nations, 70,452; and for North America, 126,200, that is in excess of multiple times the degree of creating nations. With respect to R;d uses, while North America represented 42.8% of the world?s aggregate in 1990, Latin America and Africa together spoke to under 1% of a similar aggregate. Then again, the data economy allow to the third worlk to attempt to various creating styles. The creator give a high incentive to the model of the East Asia. The developmed Asia is become a fundamental assembling locale on the planet by 2000. Besides the significance of this assembling is in electronic ,the basic part for the data economy, and may likewise start to lead the pack in autombile fabricating. The other significant force is Chinese circule. Here , they experience p robably the biggest influx of industrialization. Since this book is composed 4 years prior, things changed a ton now. The creating model of Asia is additionally demonstrated his drawback. The Finaincal Crisis in south-east Asia hit the Asia so emphatically that each Asia nation needs to check their association once more. Latin America gave us another model. Around there, they attempted three diverse economy models,but non of them appears to be extremely successiful. The first depended on fare of crude material and agrarian creation; the second depended on import-replacement industrialization, The third depended on an outward advancement system. In spite of the fact that they were by all accounts worked in some period, however the first disintegrated in the 1960s,the second was depleted before the finish of the 1970s,and the third bombed by 1980s, leaving the 1990s as a basic time of rebuilding in the relationship of the Latin America to the new, worldwide economy. The failture is ar tributed to two realities. The structure ;What the development of assembling trades was gathered in essential asset based items and food enterprises, while science-based items and practice supplierproducts is excessively constrained. It in light of the fact that the disablity of high-innovation. That is the inportant part of the data economy. So diminishing innovation limit afected adversely the entire beneficial structure,undermining productvity and seriousness in vital sectors.The other truth is the hole in the North and South.I implies the training, the ablity of high innovation distribuation , the ability of the work lab,etc appears to be more significant in data economy age than before.What they ought to do is rebuild , open up new market and invigorate mechanical dispersion. Afican sutiation is increasingly genuine. In spite of the fact that it has some inprovenment in the most recent years, the states of competitives in the new instructive ,worldwide economy were excessively far away from what could be cultivated in the present moment by rather crude economies. In any case, the creator despite everything give us a cheerful gander at this continent.The most confident possibilities for future improvement in Afric originates from the potential job that could be played by the new, popularity based, blcak-dominant part South Africa, with solid monetary and mechanical linkages to the worldwide economy. It can likewise lead his neighbores. What does the system society mean?I thinkthe fundamental importance is from the innovation. new media transmission systems; new, ground-breaking PCs; new,adaptive,self-developing programming; new, portable specialized gadgets that reach out on-line linkages to any space whenever; new laborers and administrators, associated with one another around undertakings and execution, ready to communicate in a similar language, the advanced language. Be that as it may, above all else the system is business systems, or on different word s, the instructive and worldwide economy. Without precedent for history ,the fundamental unit of financial association is definitely not a subject, be it individual or group. The unit is the system, made up of an assortment of subjects and associations, underdifferent structures, in various contexts,and from various social articulations. .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b , .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b .postImageUrl , .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b , .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b:hover , .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b:visited , .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b:active { border:0!important; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b:active , .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u59453243f61 68cb9060930eb005b074b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u59453243f6168cb9060930eb005b074b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Third chance for the win Charm Essay We will compose a custom article on The Rise Of The Networks explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Family based systems in Chinese social orders and Northern Italy: enterprising systems rising up out of mechanical seedbeds in the milieux of development, as in Silicon Valley; various leveled, collective systems of the Japanese keiretsu type; authoritative systems of decentralized corporate units from previous vertically coordinated organization compelled to adjust to the real factors time, and cross-outskirt systems coming about because of key collusions between firms. I think when we state somthing about the systems soceity, we should pay mo

Chia Seeds Versus Flax Seeds Whats The Big Difference

Chia Seeds Versus Flax Seeds What’s The Big Difference Being in shape and staying healthy is one of the most important goals we all should pursue.Without health, nothing else matters.Money, power, titles.All of that fades away if you are not healthy.One of the ways of staying healthy is, of course, regular physical activity, like running, workout or even just walking. Whatever suits you the most. A healthy lifestyle makes you feel better and when people feel better, they are happier and more relaxed, which positively affects the health itself.Apart from regular physical activity, it is important to have a healthy diet as well. A lot of diseases could be prevented by using the appropriate diet and choosing the food that is not just healthy, but also helps you feel better and does not negatively affect your stomach.Therefore, a lot of people nowadays tend to use seeds to help improve their digestion and make them feel better by helping them to reduce weight.In this text, we are going to learn something about two types of seeds, chia and fl ax seeds.We will explain what they are, what are their main characteristics, what are the potential benefits they bring and what is the right way of using chia and flax seeds.WHAT ARE CHIA AND FLAX SEEDS?A good thing to start with would be an explanation of what exactly are chia and flax seeds.So strap in and let us begin!Chia seed comes from a plant called Salvia hispanica, which is better known as chia plant among the regular people.It originates from the territory of modern Mexico and Guatemala and it is also known by the name of Salba seed.There are a couple types of chia seed, but the most commonly known are black and white chia seeds.Since they are a bit small, chia seeds should often be used as a whole, so you do not have to cut or open them.On the other side, we have flax seed, which is more commonly known as linseed, which comes from the Middle East.It is shaped differently than chia seed, by being a bit flatter and larger.Flax seeds generally taste like a nut and they are usually brown or golden.Both of these types of seeds can be used as an additive to a large variety of meals, so you can try both and decide which is more suitable for you if you have any doubts.Both chia and flax seeds are very healthy and can help with a lot of health issues, as well as potentially protect you from some of the very serious widespread diseases, like some types of cancer and several cardio-vascular issues.Apart from that, they are very good for maintaining your digestive tract healthy.NUTRITION CHARACTERISTICS OF CHIA AND FLAX SEEDSWhen selecting a type of diet you would want to have, it is very important to choose the food that contains a proper amount of nutritional values in order to keep your body and mind happy.Therefore, if you want to choose between chia and flax seed, it would be a good idea to compare their nutritional values and decide which one is more suitable for you.Nutrient typeChia seedFlaxseedCalories (kcal)490534Carbs (g)43.828.9Fiber (g)37.727.3Pro tein (g)15.618.3Fat (g)30.842.2Omega-3 acids (mg)1755222813Omega-6 acids (mg)57855911Manganese (mg)2.22.5Thiamine (mg)0.6201.6Magnesium (mg)335392Phosphorus (mg)948642Copper (mg)0.21.2Iron (mg)7.725.7Zinc (mg)4.584.3Calcium (mg)631255Potassium (mg)160813All the values listed here are per 100 g. Of course, for different amounts, these numbers change, so it is important to find the perfect balance when you use both chia and flax seeds.One thing to notice from this table of comparisons is that both chia and flax seeds contain a very good amount of nutrients, which is very useful for your health.As for the most important acids, Omega-3, and Omega-6 acids, both chia and flax seeds do nicely, with the addition that flax seeds have a slight advantage by providing a bit more of them.We can also note that flax seeds contain a bit more of some specific minerals, like copper, thiamine, as well as potassium.On the other hand, chia seeds contain more minerals that are used for strengthening our bones and related bone material.Of course, we are talking about calcium and phosphorus.Apart from that, chia seeds have a significantly higher value on carbs and fiber, and also has a bit higher value on iron and zinc.So, the conclusion is, that if you require more vitamins and minerals that are used for strengthening the bones and fiber, you should probably use chia seeds.On the other hand, if your body requires a higher amount of fat, you should consider using flax seed.WHY ARE CHIA AND FLAX SEEDS USEFUL?There are a fair amount of potential positive effects of using the chia or flax seeds.They can be very useful when it comes to keeping your health level on a high note.That is why a lot of doctors recommend using these seeds, not only when people are sick, but also as a type of prevention.If you are a person who doesn’t have any specific health issue but still wants to protect yourself from the potential diseases, you could use chia and flax seeds without a problem.That way you will strengthen your immune system and get some really appropriate protection against a wide range of illnesses, as doctor Sten Ekberg says in his video. That is why we have decided to list some of the most important positive effects that chia and flax seeds can produce if you use them correctly.So strap in and let’s begin!1. Chia and Flax Seeds Lower Heart Disease RiskWe all know how important it is to have a healthy and strong heart.A lot of people die each year because of heart problems, which is one of the main reasons we tend to find some ways to protect the health of our heart and try to prevent some serious heart illnesses to happen.One of the ways this could be done is by regularly using chia or flax seeds. Why exactly is that?Let’s find out!As previously mentioned, both chia and flax seeds contain a large amount of both omega-3 and omega-6 acids. Why is that important now, you may ask?Well, it is because one specific type of acid, called alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is ba sed on the omega-3 fatty acid.A couple of studies were conducted and it was debated whether ALA has some positive effect when it comes to the protection against cardiovascular illnesses.The results showed that ALA has been responsible for the decrease in risk related to cardiovascular problems by 14%.In some other study conducted in Costa Rica, on a sample of around 3.700 people, it was tested what is the influence of ALA when it comes to the prevention of heart attacks.The results showed that people who were regularly using products that contain ALA as prevention actually managed to reduce the risk of getting a heart attack by 39%, which is a considerable amount, to be fair.People who were regularly getting around 2 grams of ALA were the ones with the lowest risk of heart attack.Other two big issues related to a heart attack are blood pressure level and cholesterol level.They are usually very important indicators if there is any problem with heart and if those levels are actually h igh, the risk of getting a heart attack also increases.When it comes to blood pressure, both types of seed have a similar effect, with the addition that flax seeds have a slight advantage and decrease the blood pressure a bit more.By using around 30-35 g of either chia or flax seeds on a daily basis, you may lower your blood pressure by 3-10 mm Hg.Apart from that, we have mentioned the cholesterol level. When it comes to that, the results are pretty inconclusive for the effects of chia seeds.There were a couple of studies conducted on this topic, but none of them showed any positive effects regarding the decrease of the blood pressure.But since chia seed offers just slightly less amount of ALA, the studies might be wrong, but that’s yet to be tested.On the other hand, studies have shown that flax seed has a positive effect on reducing blood pressure.The results were clear. If you incorporate flax seeds in your regular diet, you may reduce your bad cholesterol levels by 18%.Despite chia and flax seeds may be useful in this regard, they should be used with caution and in right amount because they have one slightly negative effect.Both chia and flax seeds can cause blood thinning, which is why you should always consult your doctor before starting to use them.2. Chia and Flax Seeds Lower Blood SugarAnother very spread out problem a lot of people in the world have is diabetes.Studies have shown that diabetes and obesity are the two most common health issues that haven’t been put under control even to this date.How could chia and flax seeds help us prevent or just reduce the risk of getting diabetes?Chia and flax seeds have a large percentage of fiber, and the fiber is related to some studies whose results showed that it can reduce the risk of getting type 2 diabetes.Fiber does this by balancing the speed of getting the sugar into our body. It tends to slow down the digestion of carbs and the blood absorption of sugar.All of this produces a positive effect where the amount of sugar that enters the blood system is balanced and is absorbed gradually.What that really means is that fiber has the role to prevent large spikes of blood sugar and to keep it stabilized in order to protect your system from getting a type 2 diabetes.Apart from just having a preventing task, chia and flax seeds could also be used by people who already have diabetes.Some studies show that if people who have diabetes and use around 2 tablespoons of flax seed on a daily bases could stabilize their blood sugar levels and reduce its increase by 8-20% after doing it for approximately two months.Studies done with chia seeds gave similar results.Chia seeds could be used to also stabilize sugar level in your blood and to lower the resistance your body shows against insulin.Now, if you don’t want to experiment with using chia seeds in your everyday meals, you could just eat the bread rich with chia seeds instead.It is proven to be more effective than some traditional food res ponsible for maintaining blood sugar level, like wheat bran, which is also used for decreasing and maintaining a normal level of hemoglobin A1C, which is very important when it comes to maintaining the required blood sugar level.3. Flax vs CancerApart from chia and flax seeds being useful when it comes to preventing heart disease and maintaining normal blood sugar level, they are known to be effective as a protection against some types of cancers, which is a very important feature.As mentioned above, both chia and flax seeds contain a lot of fiber, which is, apart from being useful for issues we have already mentioned, also considered as a nutrient that can reduce the risk of getting cancer, more specifically, a colon or breast cancer.Molecules that can damage cells and cause aging and lowering our system’s defenses, thus opening the door for a large number of illnesses to enter, are called free radicals.Their number can be decreased by using antioxidants. You may wonder why are w e mentioning this now?Well, it is simple, both chia and flax seeds contain a certain amount of antioxidants, thus both being useful in this regard.When it comes to the antioxidants level, that is where flax seeds shine.They have around 15 times higher level of very specific antioxidant, used for fighting cancers, called lignans.That does not mean chia seed is useless in this regard. It just means that flax is better when it comes to fighting against cancer.A study has shown that everyday use of flax seeds may reduce the risk of getting certain types of cancer, like breast cancer, for example.Another review, conducted with around 6.000 women, gave the same result, where the risk of getting breast cancer was reduced by 18%.Men, do not worry, flax seed could help not just women, but you as well!One study showed that men who were using around 30g of flax seeds on a daily basis had reduced markers for prostate cancer.Of course, it means that the risk of getting a prostate cancer could be a bit lower, than with the men who do not use flax seed as prevention.Despite chia seeds have a lower amount of antioxidants, they are still useful in fighting cancer, just not in the same amount as flax seeds.It means that if you are looking for a certain type of anti-cancer food, you could still use both flax and chia seeds, combine both in different amounts and try to find the perfect food combination, see which seed goes well with certain type of food and then you could make both healthy and tasty meal, which could potentially lower the risk of getting certain types of cancer.4. Flax vs HungerAnother very good characteristic of fiber is that it is responsible for maintaining a normal level of appetite, as well as reducing the lust for food.More specifically, we are talking about a soluble fiber here.Soluble fiber does its job when it is mixed with water. When it is in that state, it becomes kind of sticky and makes us feel like we are not hungry for a longer time than usual, th us controlling our appetite level.And it does that by triggering a specific type of hormones, whose main task is to balance our appetite and control the feeling of being hungry.Again, the same as with antioxidants, the flax seed is a bit more effective in this regard as well. It contains around 40% of the soluble fiber, compared to only 5% found in chia seed.So people, if you want to get thinner faster, use flax seed.Studies were conducted about the effects of flax seeds on hunger and thirstiness.Experimental group got food and drink, both containing around 30g of flax seeds and the results showed that they were less hungry and thirsty afterward than the people from the control group, who weren’t given the food and drink that contained the flax seeds.As for chia seeds, a study was conducted where people got bread with different amount of chia seeds.The results showed that people who got the bread with more chia seeds were generally less hungry afterward than those who got the food with fewer chia seeds.There weren’t too many studies that compared both chia and flax seeds in the regard of reducing the appetite, so the conclusion is that both contribute to the decrease of appetite and control of hunger, with the addition that flax seeds are probably a bit more effective, due to the higher amount of soluble fiber.5. Improved DigestionA healthy body requires a good digestive system.It helps us process all the food and other materials we use, by keeping the good ones and removing the bad ones.If the digestion system doesn’t work properly, we may experience some unpleasant situations and side effects, like constipation and diarrhea.That’s why it is very important to keep our digestive system healthy and both chia and flax seeds could help us with that.Both seeds contain some amount of fiber, which can be divided into two different types of fiber: soluble and insoluble fiber.We have already explained what soluble fiber is, that it helps us reduce the feeling of being hungry or thirsty.Insoluble fiber has the opposite effect, we can say it acts like a laxative and helps with digestion problems.Therefore, it is really important to have a nice balance of both soluble and insoluble fiber, as disbalance of those could create some issues like constipation or diarrhea.HOW TO EAT CHIA AND FLAX SEEDS?Now, for the ways to eat chia and flax seeds, there isn’t really much to say about it.They can be used very easily with almost any type of food, due to their structure and taste.That means you can experiment and create a perfect combination of food you like and enjoy.For example, if you like pudding as I do, you could check out this video and make your own healthy pudding with chia and flax seeds. This ability to experiment allows you to make some tasty and healthy snacks, that you can bring to work or school.If you are looking for a perfect quantity to use, well, it all depends on how much you actually eat during the day.The general opinion is th at you should use around 10-20g of chia or flax seeds on a daily basis, so you can use that number as guidance.As for the question of whether to eat them whole or crushed, it really depends on your needs and the meals you are using them with.Generally, flax seeds are bigger and thicker than chia seeds, so they are usually used crushed, so you would be able to get all the nutrients out of them in an easier way.When we talk about chia seeds, we can say that they are generally consumed whole, but if you crush them, you can get a bit higher amount of nutrients out of them.And lastly, the way you should keep them is very important, in order for them not to become rancid.That said, you should keep both chia and flax seed in a fridge or a freezer, so they would stay fresh and tasty whenever you need to use them.FINAL WORDThat’s all folks! We have gone over the benefits of using chia and flax seeds in your regular diet.We have seen that they are very useful when it comes to keeping our bo dy healthy and that they could prevent some serious diseases, like cancer or diabetes.They are generally very easy to use and are easily mixed with any type of food, which means that you don’t have to withhold from eating the food you like.You just need to create a habit of using them, in order to keep your body healthy and strong throughout all the life circumstances.

Fast Food And Its Effect On Our Nation - 2580 Words

Fast food is quickly becoming America s cigarette, causing more death related illnesses than a pack of smokes. Before you judge your friends for lighting one up, take a look at the food you re ingesting and what it s doing to your body. Fast food is one of the convenient ways people around the world eat these in this new era. The life style in these days has been change regarding the way that people eat. In this modern time, eating fast food becomes a daily habit that people really enjoy to eat and is cheap to buy. McDonald’s, Burger king, Wendy’s and Taco Bell are just examples of the most well-known fast food restaurants in the whole wide world. The history of fast food was in the early twenties since the first fast food restaurant opened. This type of food choice has become even more appealing to the world in which we live today. It s impacted our nation in many ways you can say. Compared to other foods it s something that working people and ordinary people can go out and enjoy. McDonald s is the most popular fast food chain. The all-American meal is hamburger, fries and a coke or a shake. McDonald s revolutionized fast food. They introduced a way to eat food without knives, forks or plates. Most fast foods can be eaten while steering the wheel of a car and the restaurants are usually drive through. The design of a fast food restaurant is very well thought out. Fast food popularity has progressively grown throughout the years in, but let s not forget theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Challenging Beliefs in Schlossers Fast Food Nation544 Words   |  3 PagesIn his thought-provoking book, Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser argues that Americas fast food franchises have played a major role in contributing to the obesity and ill health of Americans. This paper shows how Schlosser argues that fast food has contributed to uncontrolled development, negatively impacted American culture, and have had a largely negative impact. The effects of Fast Food Nation on American society and politics show that Schlossers thesis is largely convincing, due to both hisRead MoreFast Food As An Common, Easy Meal1661 Words   |  7 PagesHow many times do you eat fast food in a given week? Is it tough choosing which fast food restaurant you want to go to? What do you order when you are sitting the McDonald’s drive thru? As a college student, with no income, writ ing papers and taking strenuous tests, I do not have the time or the financial resources to spend ample amounts of money going grocery shopping and cooking a heart healthy meal. A one dollar hamburger from McDonald’s is much more adventitious regarding my financial situationRead MoreThe World s Fattest Nations1497 Words   |  6 Pagesis 2014 and America remains one of the biggest nations in the world. This is illustrated through our land area coverage, gross domestic product, population etc. the list can go on and on; however; one area America takes the cake on is their large waistbands. We are a country that prides itself on large portions and producing foods of greasy deliciousness by the mass. It is not difficult to understand how we have become one of the world’s fattest nations. There has been ongoing debate regarding whatRead MoreYou Cannot Trust Fast Food Companies679 Words   |  3 Pageswith tasty goodness, but how many times has our food actually looked li ke the advertisement? In my experience, that number would be zero. These advertisements are meant to trick our minds into thinking fast food is much better than it is in reality. Although, this argument could be made about just about any company in this age of brand personification, but just because other companies do this does not mean its ethically sound. In addition to that fast food is an item that is potentially harmful toRead MoreEric Schlossers Fast Food Nation: Fast Foods Impact on Society1592 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Fast food is popular because its convenient, its cheap, and it tastes good. But the real cost of eating fast food never appears on the menu.† – Eric Schlosser -- Eric Schlossers book Fast Food Nation is not only an expose of the fast food industry but also shows how the fast food industry has shaped and defined society in America and other nations as the fast food culture spreads globally. He connects the social order of society to the kind of food it eats and the way it eats that food, andRead MoreInformative Speech- Fast Food Essays865 Words   |  4 PagesFast Food Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about fast food in the United States and its effects. Central Idea: The history of fast food, the effects of eating fast food, and its effect on the United States. Introduction I. Anywhere you go, there is a good chance there will be a fast food restaurant nearby. A. It’s the easy way out of cooking dinner, or grabbing something fast because you didn’t have time to make anything. B. Fast food may taste good, but have you ever thoughtRead MoreAre We Taking It Too Far by Blaming Fast Food Restaurant for Obesity?1285 Words   |  6 PagesAre we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurant for obesity? Although throughout the years many people have claimed that obesity is a genetic disorder for the most part; results of recent studies strongly indicate that lifestyles rather than genetics are what are causing an obese society, because people choose to not exercise, not watch their diet, and eat fast food. For the past few decades, food companies had aimed their marketing at single meals, pushing to inflate portion sizes. ThatRead MoreAll That and a Bag of Chips719 Words   |  3 PagesI to know that fast food would alter the way I looked? But then again, I was just only a child; I had no control over what I ate. I’m guessing my parents were supposed to take care of my diet though? That is the idea that Spurlock, Popkin, and Schlosser try to reveal; Americans have no idea what they stuff in their mouths and don’t know how to control their binge for fast food. These three artists take different approaches in informing us the cause and effects of the fast food industry. SpurlockRead MoreFast Food Nation Research Paper1442 Words   |  6 PagesKnowing what is in your fast food might make you think twice the next time you devour it. As the rise of the fast food nation in America has increased to an all-time high, so has the weight and waists of Americans all around the country. Not only has the United States grown to love the acquired taste of greasy golden fries and juicy burgers, it has also grown ignorant to the way their food is prepared. In the novel, â€Å"Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal†(2002), by Eric SchlosserRead MoreGlobalization Has An Enormous Effect On Our Community s Health981 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalizatio n has an enormous effect on our community’s health. In pursuing my bachelor’s degree in Exercise Science with a concentration in Health and Fitness, I consistently witness and research the problems of our town’s well-being. Various aspects of globalization that impact us are mass production of foods, technological advances that make us sedentary, and our cultural backgrounds. With this town ranging from lower income families to middle class, we have a wide variety of health issues. There

Critical Thinking Paper On The Health Field - 1327 Words

Critical Thinking Paper 2 Critical Thinking Paper Prevalence and Correlates of Emotional, Physical, Sexual and Financial Abuse and Potential Neglect in the United States- The National Elder Mistreatment Study Elderly abuse is a huge concern in the health field. Most of the times, these abuses are not reported, recorded or are gone unnoticed. The rate at which it happens is outgrowing the time spent to educate health care workers about it. Educating health care workers can help minimize its occurrence. Elderly abuse is defined as ‘‘any action or any lack of appropriate action that causes harm, intentionally or unintentionally, to an elderly person; the definition includes two keys aspects- first, that the victim has suffered an injury or deprivation or has been exposed to unnecessary danger, and second, that there is a person responsible for this situation’’ (Garre-Olmo etal, 2009). Elderly abuse is an ongoing despicable action that happens every day and sometimes can be deadly. In the health field, the role of professional nursing plays an important part when it comes to elderly abuse. Nurses are among the categories of mandatory reporter most frequently identi fied in elder abuse reporting and protective service laws, and they are the health care professionals who most often assume major responsibilities in assessing elder abuse and neglect situations (Miller,2005). Nurses intervene in elder abuse situations as individual health care providers or as part of aShow MoreRelatedMy Career Goals : My Goals1184 Words   |  5 Pages Education is one of the greatest gifts you can give to yourself. No one can ever take your Knowledge away from you. With me earning my degree I am one step closer to my career field, which is the business side of the health field. Also, my family is my motivation, they are the reason I’m striving to do better in life. And that’s why I want to continue my academic success. My educational goal that I wish to achieve is obtaining my 4 year degree. Achieving this goal will make me feel likeRead MoreMy Current Level Of Critical Thinking And How Can It Be Improved Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pageswill include; health care provider, teacher and motivator. The skills I must possess in order to be successful at these roles consist of; the ability to use and develop critical thinking, formation of patient objectives, comprehension of learning processes, the proper use of constructivism and an understanding of how the field of Physical Therapy has changed. With this paper, I will demonstrate my knowledge of these topics while answering the following questions: What is critical thinking and how canRead MoreThe Emergency Room Nurses Organization1347 Words   |  6 Pagesfor professional nurses to develop an understanding of nursing profession and health care overall. Membership in a professional association can lead to an increased awareness of health issues such as outbreak of Zika virus, also provides opportunities in education, mentoring, networking, career assistance, and certifications. The purpose of this paper is to write about a specific professional nursing organization. This paper focuses on the Emergency Nurse Association (ENA). In 1970, the Emergency RoomRead MoreEssay about The Generalist Practice: A Balance of Art and Science1515 Words   |  7 Pagestask for the generalist practitioner is to apply skill, knowledge, systematic methodology, research, and best practice in an effort to achieve well-being and promote the health of society. My paper will define and explore critical thinking, evidence-based practice, and person-in-environment perspective. More specifically, my paper will take an in depth look at the person-in-environment perspective, highlighting its value, shortcomings, the contrast between the way the person-in-environment views theRead MoreEssay about Critical Thinking: A Necessary Tool for Decision Making1 296 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper will define the meaning of critical thinking. I will provide an example of a personal experience when critical thinking had to be used. This paper will also examin the benefits and importance of using critical thinking during the decision-making process. What is Critical Thinking? Critical thinking is an essential tool to good decision-making. Everyone has biases or prejudices which can hinder good decision making. Critical thinking varies depending on the underlying motivationRead MoreSample Reflection Assignments1243 Words   |  5 PagesCDAE/NFS/PPS 195/295) INSTRUCTOR: Richard Schramm Written assignments are of two types: Reflections and Project Reports. Reflections: An essential element for student learning in service-learning courses is written and oral reflections on the field study experience, as well as on other elements of the course. To have an experience isn’t enough to ensure learning; you need to intentionally and thoughtfully reflect upon the experience and what you learned from it to ensure that learning occursRead MoreCross-Cultural Psychology1179 Words   |  5 Pagescross-cultural approach, uses experimental methods to compare and contrast groups in their performance on a range of psychological tasks with the objective of demonstrating cultural difference and commonality on some psychological aspect in the lab and field (Cultural Psychology., n.d). Cross-cultural psychology Cross-cultural psychology is a comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology, from different cultural groups, which looks at the psychological diversity and the underlying reasonsRead MoreThe Competencies That New Graduate Nurses Enter The Work Force924 Words   |  4 Pagesto, with competencies that are unrealistic. The reality is that new nurses lack skills that allow them to perform at a truly competent level. What this paper will discuss are the competencies that new graduate nurses enter the work force with compared to what is actually required in order to be proficient in this professional field. This paper will also discuss how the transition from student to professional can be facilitated through extensive orientation programs that have been proven to elevateRead MoreThe Importance Of Professional Writing Throughout A Nurse s Career823 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication which exchanges health information amongst professionals and consumers. Professional n ursing literature is formatted according to the American Psychological Association (APA) formatting standards. Producing well-written nursing documentation or publications helps nurses enhance their professional respectability along with the discipline’s respectability. Writing helps nursing practice become more efficient, patient-centered, and evidenced-based because it encourages critical, creative, and holisticRead MoreThe Writing A Research Paper923 Words   |  4 PagesWriting a Research Paper The research paper There will come a time in most students careers when they are assigned a research paper. Such an assignment often creates a great deal of unneeded anxiety in the student, which may result in procrastination and a feeling of confusion and inadequacy. This anxiety frequently stems from the fact that many students are unfamiliar and inexperienced with this genre of writing. Never fear—inexperience and unfamiliarity are situations you can change through

Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln’s End of Slavery in America Free Essays

string(150) " of many critics that Lincoln had no feelings of moral obligation or sympathy towards the slaves, Lincoln was greatly afflicted by the issue at hand\." Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation is still, to date, one of the most debated, revolutionary acts of the any of the Presidents of the United States. Through this document Lincoln took responsibility upon himself for the freedom of four million slaves throughout the divided country he presided over and forever changed the scene of what could be a very different American culture than that of which we live in presently today. After reading Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America, written by Allen C. We will write a custom essay sample on Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln’s End of Slavery in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Guelzo, I am fully convinced that Lincoln’s accomplishment through that document is very under credited not only by African Americans today, but also by their white counterparts in regards to the lasting impact it made for the future of the races in this country. Allen C. Guezlo opens his book on the defensive for Abraham Lincoln. Guezlo explains that when the topic of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation comes to mind, basically, either you appreciate it at face value for what it accomplished and stands for, or you are a skeptic. Today more than ever, the Proclamation’s skeptics focus on what the document did not accomplish rather than what it did. In his book, Guezlo works at answering the four main questions that critics will raise regarding the Proclamation. Why is the language of the Proclamation so bland and Legalistic? Did the Proclamation actually do anything? Did the slaves free themselves? Did Lincoln issue the Proclamation to ward off European influence or boost Union morale? In defense of Lincoln, Guezlo takes us through a detailed chronology of the events leading up to the weighted decision made by Lincoln in September 1862, including incredible evidence in the form of documented conversations and eye witness accounts. Abraham Lincoln was a product of the end of the Enlightenment Era, an era that emphasized the age of reason and logic. Being a lawyer by profession, Lincoln exhibited an incredible display of prudence in making his decisions and showed an exceptional respect for the law. When considering the term â€Å"prudence†, Guezlo makes it a point to examine the word in the fashion of hat it would have meant to the classical philosophers that Lincoln came to admire. In this sense, prudence isn’t defined as what it is known as today. By today’s definition, a person who is â€Å"prude† is thought to display exaggerated caution, hesitation, lack of will, and fearfulness. According to Guezlo, the prudence that Lincoln display ed while in office would be better compared to the virtues of the classical philosophers who influenced the Enlightenment period which attributed prudence to shrewdness and sound judgment. Considering all the different obstacles that were thrown at Lincoln during his presidency, he needed to ensure that his actions were deliberate and would achieve a long term lasting effect as he was very cautious and untrusting when considering the judiciary branch of the government. Lincoln understood that any decision he made would be readily tested against the powers afforded to him by the constitution sooner or later. He did not want to take any chances in going about the emancipation process loosely, especially considering the amount of opponents he was going to face regarding the topic of emancipation both in the North and the South. Of the many ways to go about the emancipation process, Lincoln’s preference was that which consisted of three main features, â€Å"gradualism, compensation, and the vote of the people†. He rebuked ideas of using either the Confiscation Acts and Benjamin Butler’s contraband theory as well as the idea of martial law in order to achieve long term emancipation. As far as the contraband theory was concerned, at best Lincoln new that it would make slaves wards of the government until the end of the war. After compromise was reached, the fate of these men was out of his hands and into the hands of the ruling courts which would likely allow them to be reclaimed by their masters. Before issuing his own proclamation, Lincoln actually reversed two attempts at marital law proclamations attempted by both John Charles Freemont and David Hunter. Lincoln did not reverse these attempts so much because he was not for the emancipation process, but because in his legalistic mind, he knew that these courses of action would not stand the judicial test in regards to the limitations of the constitution. First of all, the use of the war powers in question would only be reserved for use by the commander-in-chief, namely himself; secondly there was no specifications provided within the constitution itself on the use of these war powers if hey did in fact exist. Lincoln was firm in his desire to convince the border states to accept his offer of compensated emancipation and aside from being denied time and again, he would continue to be convinced that given enough time and patience at the matter, that politicians in those states would see that the course of events leading to emancipation as inevitable and take the bait which he hoped would set off a chain reaction allowing other states to follow suit shortly there after. Though this plan eventually proved unworkable, it was not because of an unperceivable plan; Lincoln was not entirely prepared for the time restraints that unforeseen obstacles would pose in his attempt at being gradual. Between the defiant and incompetent military generals and the urging of different opinions in Washington, eventually his final course of action would be to take a gamble at using the war powers he was still uncertain and uneasy about and hope that with careful consideration, his document would not be challenged but gain support. Noting Lincoln’s wariness pertaining to the legality of his actions according to the constitution would lead us to the answer of the first of Guezlo’s four questions. Why was the language of the proclamation so bland and legalistic? In contrast to the conclusions of many critics that Lincoln had no feelings of moral obligation or sympathy towards the slaves, Lincoln was greatly afflicted by the issue at hand. You read "Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln’s End of Slavery in America" in category "Papers" After understanding the caution which Lincoln was trained to proceed with as an attorney and even more so as the President of the United States, Lincoln had to ensure that every syllable, every phrase was written so that it could not be scrutinized within the federal court system. His document held the fate of the lives of millions of people within its wording and he did not want to have to be faced with the possibility that it would be retracted or revoked. Many also believe that the wording of the Emancipation Proclamation is so bland because Lincoln composed it grudgingly as a last resort. Guezlo points out that during Lincoln’s political career his presidency was not the first time that Lincoln had motivation for emancipation. In his term in Congress as an Illinois Representative he made similar attempts at compensated emancipation for slaves in the District of Columbia. Although these attempts never made it to the House, it is notable to recognize that his feelings towards emancipation stem back farther than having to make a pressured decision as Commander in Chief of a nation in rebellion. He was recorded as having been completely transparent in his belief that â€Å"If slavery is not wrong, then nothing is wrong. † Upon disclosing his decision to issue the proclamation to his cabinet it is also important to realize that Lincoln did not address his colleagues for advice whether or not to issue the proclamation as his mind was already made up, but rather to â€Å"hear the views of his associates and receive and suggestions. As defeated as he may have felt over not having had enough time to follow through with the compensation route, it is unarguable that Lincoln did not hold a deep conviction about what had to be accomplished before he left office. In intimate conversations with close colleagues he would comment on his conviction that this decision had been of Divine assistance and that â€Å"he had sometime thought that perhaps he might be an instrument in God’s had of accomplishing a great work. In fact he openly expressed his agenda were there to be any concerns regarding the standing of his proclamation. Lincoln remarked that if there was to be a retraction or nullifying of the right of freedom to emancipated slaves through the courts that â€Å"it would not occur with him in office†. The second question raised by critics that Guezlo seeks to shed some light on is whether or not the Emancipation Proclamation actually did anything. To answer this question, Guezlo moves to highlight the fact that although the Emancipation Proclamation had little immediate impact, it embraced the idea for the first time that there was a long term and permanent solution to the institution of slavery. Not only did it ring the bells of freedom for the slaves, but it also gave the Union an even more dignified reason to continue on with the war. Although the feeling was not unanimous amongst even some of the abolitionists of the day, the expected â€Å"mutiny† that was expected to result from those in the armed forces in protest of the proclamation was not as severe as could’ve been predicted. As soon as more and more whites were exposed to former slaves they began to realize that this label of inferiority in both the mental and physical capacity was not as accurate as they had been led to believe. One Maine soldier admitted to his sister in a letter that, â€Å"instead of thinking less of a Negro, I have sadly learned to think better of them than many white men that hold responsible positions. † Among the newly freed black slaves came finally the feeling of attaining manhood through emancipation. With this feeling of manhood came the rallying of blacks willing and able to join the war effort as made eligible by the proclamation. The proclamation’s provision allowing blacks to enlist into the armed forces further secured the position of freedom in the eyes of the white man in the long term. For â€Å"how could we stand to see the Negro re-enslaved after demonstrating his allegiance to our Union with his blood? † asked one Union commander. In fact, not only was granting the slaves their freedom a major issue upon observing their willingness to loyally serve the military, but also the right of suffrage; although the move for social equality wouldn’t be addressed nearly as soon, the move to place more political power in the hands of the former slaves was introduced. Lincoln’s document would secure the way for future legislation which eventually would result in the complete abolition of slavery with the thirteenth amendment to the constitution. The proclamation also managed to avoid the mass deportation of freed blacks to Africa or South America as some abolitionists were in favor of. In addition to the effects nationally, the Emancipation Proclamation also helped gain a favorable opinion abroad throughout Europe for the United States transforming the civil conflict into a war against slavery ensuring that the Union would have nothing to fear from possible European recognition of the Confederacy. Did the slaves free themselves? Guezlo makes an important point when answering this question and the answer tends to be a bit more unexpected. Although the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect on January 1, 1863, it is surprising to understand that although the rejoicing of slaves upon receiving the news of emancipation was universal, more slaves than less remained put where they were waiting patiently for the Union soldiers to declare them free rather than run off to claim their freedom. But why stay put? According to his book, Guezlo remarks that even Abraham Lincoln himself was disappointed that more slaves had not taken it upon themselves to reach over to the other side of Union lines. Especially since he understood that with the upcoming perceived threat to his presidency from McClellan the only way he could ensure their emancipation was if they crossed Union lines before that threat could have a chance to materialize). One of the main reasons that more slaves did not readily embrace leaving their current positions was because of a fear that they would be returned to their masters just as they had heard many of the â€Å"contrabands† had been refused by the military prior to the proclamation. Unfortunately the lack of trust slaves placed in the white ace extended not only to those who had kept them in bondage, but also to those whom they knew even less of. Guezlo quotes Ohio Congressman William Homan, who thought it odd as well that, â€Å"three and a half or four millions of Africans remain right in the hotbed of this rebellion, with your proclamations cast broadcast over the South inviting them to freedom; nay, your policy urged them to assert their freedom and pledges the nation to maintain it,† yet, â€Å"they have remained perfectly indifferent and passive until your Army has reached them, idle spectators of war. The quiescence of the black population actually turned out to becom e an argument in favor of the emancipation as it demonstrated the restraint and self control the slaves possessed even in the face of â€Å"easy bloody opportunity†. Francis Wayland in Atlantic Monthly concluded that â€Å"Nine-tenths of the able-bodied Southern population have been in arms for more than two years and the President’s Emancipation Proclamation was made public nearly a year ago and yet none of the older men, women, and children remaining at home have been slaughtered, massacred or brutalized. Did Lincoln issue the Proclamation to ward off European influence or boost Union morale? This question seems to be Lincoln’s critic’s double edged sword, although a poor attempt might I add. Guezlo adds an interesting note that if morale or intervention were Lincoln’s primary concerns to be addressed, then issuing the proclamation when he did would’ve been the worst possible method he could’ve taken to do so. Alexander Twining wrote in 1865 that, â€Å"European intervention – and especially from England – was, at the time when the proclamation was issued, our most anxious liability. Lincoln’s main concern was that the British would intervene in response to an emancipation proclamation so long as emancipation was seen as a â€Å"direct encouragement to servile Insurrections†, sparking the British government’s memories of the racial carnage of the Indian Mutiny. It was actually during the Chicago ministers’ delegation in September 1862 that any argument for European sympathy was made convincing Lincoln that the issuance of the proclamation may gain the Union any favor. Attempts to down play Lincoln’s motives for standing firm behind his proclamation with this attack are quickly debunked. The second part of this question implies that Lincoln made his decision for emancipation based off of some incentive of united sentiment that would’ve been received as a whole country. This could not be more false. When Lincoln initially issued the Emancipation Proclamation, politically, lines were torn across the board. Within congress debates ran heated and from state to state more and more republicans were loosing favor and being replaced with peace Democrats and proslavery advocates. When it came time for the next elections to congress, Lincoln was hurt to see his majority in the House weaken before his eyes. Lincoln and his supporters fully understood before they issued the proclamation that this would in fact place their positions in government in jeopardy. He also understood that with the military advocating their own desires to negotiate a peaceful compromise with the Confederacy, that this could easily convince them to accelerate an intervention placing Lincoln’s administration in danger of loosing the cause. Eventually Lincoln’s administration would prevail against slavery not only in the Confederate states but also in the Border States. Beginning with West Virginia in 1862, the Border States finally began to embrace the inevitable and took advantage of the only option that was advantageous for them which was to agree to the compensated emancipation package that Lincoln had been pushing for all along. In the end it was even difficult for Lincoln’s most radical abolitionist critics to remain skeptical of the President’s personal conviction and determination regarding his motives with his Emancipation Proclamation. In a meeting with Frederick Douglas, Lincoln’s foremost freed black critic, Douglas was surprised to report that, â€Å"I was taken aback to discover that Lincoln had a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him†. Very few of the negative possibilities considered that could have taken place in response to the Emancipation Proclamation actually did. This was largely in part to the strict measures that Lincoln took as a skilled attorney and leader when drafting his plan and his determination to make the Proclamation succeed. During the time following the Emancipation Proclamation and even for years beyond his assassination, Lincoln was held in high esteem amongst the African American as well as the white population in this country. Unfortunately since the earlier 1900s many critics, both black and white, have risen to the occasion to minimize the greatness to which he impacted generations of human beings to come. Some claim Lincoln was a â€Å"white supremacist† only acting in the best interests of saving his country and others, at best, describe him as indifferent to the African struggle. Regardless of which position you try to understand, it is ridiculous to consider that, in either case, a man who felt no deep conviction for the nature of his actions would’ve remained persistent in his course to the conclusion. Had Lincoln really felt any other way than sympathetic towards the slaves he would’ve bowed down and compromised as many congressman and generals urged of him. Allen Guezlo makes his point strongly apparent; Abraham Lincoln’s actions spoke clearly of his the driving force behind his actions. â€Å"It would be special pleading to claim that Lincoln was in the end the most perfect friend black Americans have ever had, but it would also be the cheapest and most ignorant of all skepticisms to deny that he was the most significant. † How to cite Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln’s End of Slavery in America, Papers

One Friday Morning free essay sample

Langston Hughes From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see  Langston Hughes (disambiguation). James Mercer Langston Hughes  (February 1, 1902  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ May 22, 1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form  jazz poetry. Hughes is best known as a leader of the  Harlem Renaissance. He famously wrote about the period that the negro was in vogue which was later paraphrased as when Harlem was in vogue. 1] Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Biography * 1. 1  Ancestry and childhood * 1. 2  Relationship with father * 1. 3  Adulthood * 1. 4  Death * 2  Career * 3  Political views * 4  Representation in other media * 5  Literary archives * 6  Honors and awards * 7  Bibliography * 7. 1  Poetry collections * 7. 2  Novels and short story collections * 7. 3  Non-fiction books * 7. 4  Major plays * 7. 5  Books for children * 8  Further r eading * 9  See also * 10  Notes * 11 References * 12  External links * 12. 1  Profiles * 12.   Archive and works| - Biography Ancestry and childhood Both of Hughes paternal great-grandmothers were African-American and both of his paternal great-grandfathers were white slave owners of Kentucky. One of these men was Sam Clay, a Scottish-American whiskey distiller of Henry County and supposedly a relative of  Henry Clay, and the other was Silas Cushenberry, a Jewish-American slave trader of Clark County. [2][3]  Hughess maternal grandmother Mary Patterson was of African-American, French, English and Native American descent. One of the first women to attend  Oberlin College, she first married  Lewis Sheridan Leary, also of mixed race. Lewis Sheridan Leary  subsequently joined  John Browns Raid  on  Harpers Ferry  in 1859 and died from his wounds. [3] In 1869 the widow Mary Patterson Leary married again, into the elite, politically active Langston family. Her second husband was  Charles Henry Langston, of African-American, Native American, and Euro-American ancestry. [4][5]  He and his younger brother  John Mercer Langston  worked for the  abolitionist  cause and helped lead the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society  [6]  in 1858. Charles Langston later moved to Kansas, where he was active as an educator and activist for voting and rights for African Americans. [4]  Charles and Marys daughter Caroline was the mother of Langston Hughes. [7] Hughes in 1902 Langston Hughes was born in  Joplin, Missouri, the second child of school teacher Carrie (Caroline) Mercer Langston and James Nathaniel Hughes (1871–1934). [8]  Langston Hughes grew up in a series of Midwestern small towns. Hughess father left his family and later divorced Carrie, going to  Cuba, and then  Mexico, seeking to escape the enduring racism in the United States. 9] After the separation of his parents, while his mother traveled seeking employment, young Langston Hughes was raised mainly by his maternal grandmother, Mary Patterson Langston, in  Lawrence, Kansas. Through the black American oral tradition and drawing from the activist experiences of her generation, Mary Langston instilled in her grandson a lasting sense of racial prid e. [10][11][12]  He spent most of his childhood in Lawrence, Kansas. After the death of his grandmother, he went to live with family friends, James and Mary Reed, for two years. In  Big Sea  he wrote, I was unhappy for a long time, and very lonesome, living with my grandmother. Then it was that books began to happen to me, and I began to believe in nothing but books and the wonderful world in books — where if people suffered, they suffered in beautiful language, not in monosyllables, as we did in Kansas. [13] Later, Hughes lived again with his mother Carrie in  Lincoln,  Illinois. She had remarried when he was still an adolescent, and eventually they lived inCleveland,  Ohio, where he attended high school. While in  grammar school  in Lincoln, Hughes was elected class poet. Hughes stated that in retrospect he thought it was because of the stereotype that African Americans have rhythm. [14] I was a victim of a stereotype. There were only two of us Negro kids in the whole class and our English teacher was always stressing the importance of rhythm in poetry. Well, everyone knows, except us, that all Negroes have rhythm, so they elected me as class poet. [15] During high school in Cleveland, he wrote for the school newspaper, edited the yearbook, and began to write his first short stories, poetry, and dramatic plays. His first piece of jazz poetry, When Sue Wears Red, was written while he was in high school. It was during this time that he discovered his love of books. [citation needed] Relationship with father Hughes had a very poor relationship with his father. He lived with his father in Mexico for a brief period in 1919. Upon graduating from high school in June 1920, Hughes returned to Mexico to live with his father, hoping to convince him to support Langstons plan to attend  Columbia University. Hughes later said that, prior to arriving in Mexico: I had been thinking about my father and his strange dislike of his own people. I didnt understand it, because I was a Negro, and I liked Negroes very much. [16][17]  Initially, his father had hoped for Hughes to attend a university abroad, and to study for a career in engineering. On these grounds, he was willing to provide financial assistance to his son but did not support his desire to be a writer. Eventually, Hughes and his father came to a compromise: Hughes would study engineering, so long as he could attend Columbia. His tuition provided; Hughes left his father after more than a year. While at Columbia in 1921, Hughes managed to maintain a B+ grade average. He left in 1922 because of racial prejudice, and his interests revolved more around the neighborhood of  Harlem  than his studies, though he continued writing poetry. [18] Adulthood Langston Hughes Hughes worked various odd jobs, before serving a brief tenure as a  crewman  aboard the S. S. Malone  in 1923, spending six months traveling to West Africa and Europe. [19]  In Europe, Hughes left the S. S. Malone  for a temporary stay in  Paris. During his time in England in the early 1920s, Hughes became part of the black expatriate community. In November 1924, Hughes returned to the U. S. to live with his mother in  Washington, D. C. Hughes worked at various odd jobs before gaining a white-collar job in 1925 as a personal assistant to the historianCarter G. Woodson  at the  Association for the Study of African American Life and History. As the work demands limited his time for writing, Hughes quit the position to work as a busboy at the Wardman Park Hotel. There he encountered the poet  Vachel Lindsay, with whom he shared some poems. Impressed with the poems, Lindsay publicized his discovery of a new black poet. By this time, Hughess earlier work had been published in magazines and was about to be collected into his first book of poetry. Hughes at university in 1928 The following year, Hughes enrolled in  Lincoln University, a  historically black university  in  Chester County, Pennsylvania. He joined the  Omega Psi Phifraternity. [20][21]  Thurgood Marshall, who later became an  Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was an  alumnus  and classmate of Langston Hughes during his undergraduate studies at Lincoln University. After Hughes earned a  B. A. degree from Lincoln University in 1929, he returned to New York. Except for travels to the Soviet Union and parts of theCaribbean, Hughes lived in Harlem as his primary home for the remainder of his life. During the 1930s, Hughes became a resident of  Westfield, New Jersey. [22][23] Some academics and biographers today believe that Hughes was homosexual and included homosexual codes in many of his poems, similar in manner toWalt Whitman. Hughes has cited him as an influence on his poetry. Hughess story Blessed Assurance deals with a fathers anger over his sons effeminacy and queerness. [24][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]  The biographer Aldrich argues that, in order to retain the respect and support of black churches and organizations and avoid exacerbating his precarious financial situation, Hughes remained closeted. 31] Hughess ashes are interred under a cosmogram medallion in the foyer of the Arthur Schomburg Center in Harlem Arnold Rampersad, the primary biographer of Hughes, determined that Hughes exhibited a preference for other African-American men in his work and life. [32]  However, Rampersad denies Hughess homosexuality in his biography. [33]  Rampersad concludes that H ughes was probably asexual and passive in his sexual relationships. He did, however show a respect and love for his fellow black man (and woman). Other scholars argue for Hughess homosexuality: his love of black men is evidenced in a number of reported unpublished poems to an alleged black male lover. [34] Death On May 22, 1967, Hughes died from complications after abdominal surgery, related to  prostate cancer, at the age of 65. His ashes are interred beneath a floor medallion in the middle of the foyer in the  Arthur Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture  in Harlem. It is the entrance to an auditorium named for him. [35]  The design on the floor is an African  cosmogram  titled  Rivers. The title is taken from his poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers. Within the center of the cosmogram is the line: My soul has grown deep like the rivers. - Career My soul has grown deep like the rivers. I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. I danced in the Nile when I was old I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, and Ive seen its muddy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  bosom turn all golden in the sunset. â€Å" † from The Negro Speaks of Rivers (1920), in  The Weary Blues  (1926)  [36] First published in  The Crisis  in 1921, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, which became Hughess signature poem, was collected in his first book of poetryThe Weary Blues  (1926). [37]  Hughess first and last published poems appeared in  The Crisis; more of his poems were published in  The Crisis  than in any other journal. [38]  Hughess life and work were enormously influential during the  Harlem Renaissance  of the 1920s, alongside those of his contemporaries,  Zora Neale Hurston,  Wallace Thurman,  Claude McKay,  Countee Cullen,  Richard Bruce Nugent, and  Aaron Douglas. Except for McKay, they worked together also to create the short-lived magazine  Fire!! Devoted to Younger Negro Artists. Hughes and his contemporaries had different goals and aspirations than the black middle class. They criticized the men known as the midwives of the Harlem Renaissance:  W. E. B. Du Bois,  Jessie Redmon Fauset, and  Alain LeRoy Locke, as being overly accommodating and assimilating eurocentric values and culture to achieve social equality. Hughes and his fellows tried to depict the low-life in their art, that is, the real lives of blacks in the lower social-economic strata. They criticized the divisions and prejudices based on skin color within the black community. 39]  Hughes wrote what would be considered their manifesto, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain published in  The Nation  in 1926, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain The younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesnt matter. We know we a re beautiful. And ugly, too. The  tom-tom  cries, and the tom-tom laughs. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesnt matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, trong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain free within ourselves. â€Å" † from  The Nation  in 1926 Hughes identified as unashamedly black at a time when blackness was demode. He stressed the theme of black is beautiful as he explored the black human condition in a variety of depths. [40]  His main concern was the uplift of his people, whose strengths, resiliency, courage, and humor he wanted to record as part of the general American experience. [17][41] His poetry and fiction portrayed the lives of the working-class blacks in America, lives he portrayed as full of struggle, joy, laughter, and music. Permeating his work is pride in the African-American identity and its diverse culture. My seeking has been to explain and illuminate the Negro condition in America and obliquely that of all human kind,[42]  Hughes is quoted as saying. He confronted racial stereotypes, protested social conditions, and expanded African America’s image of itself; a â€Å"people’s poet† who sought to reeducate both audience and artist by lifting the theory of the black aesthetic into reality. [43] The night is beautiful, So the faces of my people. The stars are beautiful, So the eyes of my people Beautiful, also, is the sun. Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people. â€Å" † My People in  Crisis  (October 1923)[44] Hughes stressed a racial consciousness and cultural nationalism devoid of self-hate. His thought united people of African descent and Africa across the globe to encourage pride in their diverse black folk culture and black aesthetic. Hughes was one of the few prominent black writers to champion racial consciousness as a source of inspiration for black artists. [45]  His African-American race consciousness and cultural nationalism would influence many foreign black writers, such as  Jacques Roumain,Nicolas Guillen,  Leopold Sedar Senghor, and  Aime Cesaire. Along with the works of Senghor, Cesaire, and other French-speaking writers of  Africa  and of African descent from the Caribbean, such as  Rene Maran  from  Martinique  and  Leon Damas  fromFrench Guiana  in  South America, the works of Hughes helped to inspire the  Negritude  movement in France. A radical black self-examination was emphasized in the face of European colonialism. [46][47]  In addition to his example in social attitudes, Hughes had an important technical influence by his emphasis on folk and jazz rhythms as the basis of his poetry of racial pride. 48] In 1930, his first novel,  Not Without Laughter, won the  Harmon Gold Medal  for literature. At a time before widespread arts grants, Hughes gained the support of private patrons and he was supported for two years prior to publishing this novel. [49]  The protagonist of the story is a boy named Sandy, whose family must deal with a variety of struggles due to their race and class, in add ition to relating to one another. In 1931, Hughes helped form the New York Suitcase Theater with playwright  Paul Peters, artist  Jacob Burck, and writer (soon-to-be underground spy)  Whittaker Chambers, an acquaintance from Columbia. 50]  In 1932, he was part of a board to produce a Soviet film on Negro Life with  Malcolm Cowley,  Floyd Dell, and Chambers. [51] In 1932, Hughes and Ellen Winter wrote a pageant to  Caroline Decker  in an attempt to celebrate her work with the striking coal miners of the  Harlan County War, but it was never performed. It was judged to be a long, artificial propaganda vehicle too complicated and too cumbersome to be performed. [52] Maxim Lieber  became his literary agent, 1933–1945 and 1949-1950. (Chambers and Lieber worked in the underground together around 1934–1935. [53]) Hughes first short story collection. Hughes first collection of short stories was published in 1934 with  The Ways of White Folks. He finished the book at a  Carmel, California  cottage provided for a year by Noel Sullivan, another patron. [54][55]  These stories are a series of vignettes revealing the humorous and tragic interactions between whites and blacks. Overall, they are marked by a general pessimism about race relations, as well as a sardonic realism. [56] In 1935 Hughes received a  Guggenheim Fellowship. The same year that Hughes established his theater troupe in Los Angeles, he realized an ambition related to films by co-writing the screenplay for  Way Down South. 57]  Hughes believed his failure to gain more work in the lucrative movie trade was due to racial discrimination within the industry. Between 1942 and 1949 Hughes was a frequent writer and served on the editorial board of  Common Ground, a literary magazine focused on cultural pluralism in the United States published by the Common Co uncil for American Unity (CCAU). In 1943, Hughes began publishing stories about a character he called Jesse B. Semple, often referred to and spelled Simple, the everyday black man in Harlem who offered musings on topical issues of the day. Although Hughes seldom responded to requests to teach at colleges, in 1947 he taught at  Atlanta University. In 1949, he spent three months at the  University of Chicago Laboratory Schools  as a visiting lecturer. He wrote novels, short stories, plays, poetry, operas, essays, and works for children. With the encouragement of his best friend and writer,  Arna Bontemps, and patron and friend,  Carl Van Vechten, he wrote two volumes of autobiography,  The Big Sea  and  I Wonder as I Wander, as well as translating several works of literature into English. Langston Hughes, 1943. Photo by  Gordon Parks During the mid? 1950s and ? 1960s, Hughes popularity among the younger generation of black writers varied even as his reputation increased worldwide. With the gradual advancement toward  racial integration, many black writers considered his writings of black pride and its corresponding subject matter out of date. They considered him a racial chauvinist. [58]  He found some new writers, including  James Baldwin, lacking in such pride, overintellectual in their work, and occasionally vulgar. 59][60][61] Hughes wanted young black writers to be objective about their race, but not to scorn it or flee it. [45]  He understood the main points of the  Black Power  movement of the 1960s, but believed that some of the younger black writers who supported it were too angry in their work. Hughess workPanther and the Lash, posthumously published in 1967, was intended to show solidarity with these writers, but with more skill and devoid of the most virulent anger and racial chauvinism some showed toward whites. [62][63]  Hughes continued to have admirers among the larger younger generation of black writers. He often helped writers by offering advice and introducing them to other influential persons in the literature and publishing communities. This latter group, including  Alice Walker, whom Hughes discovered, looked upon Hughes as a hero and an example to be emulated within their own work. One of these young black writers (Loften Mitchell) observed of Hughes, Langston set a tone, a standard of brotherhood and friendship and cooperation, for all of us to follow. You never got from him, I am  the  Negro writer, but only I am  a  Negro writer. He never stopped thinking about the rest of us. [64] - Political views Hughes, like many black writers and artists of his time, was drawn to the promise of  Communism  as an alternative to a  segregated  America. Many of his lesser-known political writings have been collected in two volumes published by the University of Missouri Press and reflect his attraction to Communism. An example is the poem A New Song. [65] In 1932, Hughes became part of a group of black people who went to the  Soviet Union  to make a film depicting the plight of African Americans in the United States. The film was never made, but Hughes was given the opportunity to travel extensively through the Soviet Union and to the Soviet-controlled regions in Central Asia, the latter parts usually closed to Westerners. While there, he met  Robert Robinson, an African American living in Moscow and unable to leave. In  Turkmenistan, Hughes met and befriended the  Hungarian  author  Arthur Koestler, then a Communist sympathizer and given permission to travel there. Hughes also managed to travel to China and Japan before returning to the States. Hughess poetry was frequently published in the  CPUSA  newspaper and he was involved in initiatives supported by Communist organizations, such as the drive to free the  Scottsboro Boys. Partly as a show of support for the  Republican  faction during the  Spanish Civil War, in 1937 Hughes traveled to Spain[66]  as a correspondent for the  Baltimore Afro-American  and other various African-American newspapers. Hughes was also involved in other Communist-led organizations such as the  John Reed  Clubs and the  League of Struggle for Negro Rights. He was more of a sympathizer than an active participant. He signed a 1938 statement supporting  Joseph Stalins  purges  and joined the  American Peace Mobilization  in 1940 working to keep the U. S. from participating in  World War II. [67] Hughes initially did not favor black American involvement in the war because of the persistence of discriminatory U. S. Jim Crow laws  and racial segregation and disfranchisement throughout the South. He came to support the war effort and black American participation after deciding that war service would aid their struggle for  civil rights  at home. 68]  The scholar Anthony Pinn has noted that Hughes, together with  Lorraine Hansberry  and  Richard Wright, was a humanist critical of belief in God. They provided a foundation for nontheistic participation in social struggle. Pinn has found that such writers are sometimes ignored in the narrative of American history that chiefly credits the civil rights movement to the wor k of affiliated Christian people. [69] Hughes was accused of being a Communist by many on the political right, but he always denied it. When asked why he never joined the Communist Party, he wrote, it was based on strict discipline and the acceptance of directives that I, as a writer, did not wish to accept. In 1953, he was called before the  Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations  led by Senator  Joseph McCarthy. He stated, I never read the theoretical books of socialism or communism or the Democratic or Republican parties for that matter, and so my interest in whatever may be considered political has been non-theoretical, non-sectarian, and largely emotional and born out of my own need to find some way of thinking about this whole problem of myself. [70]  Following his testimony, Hughes distanced himself from Communism. [71]  He was rebuked by some on the Radical Left who had previously supported him. He moved away from overtly political poems and towards more lyric subjects. When selecting his poetry for his  Selected Poems  (1959) he excluded all his radical Socialist verse from the 1930s. [71]